GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/docstore/water_sanitation_health/vectcontrol/ch26.htm (last access: 17 June 2015); MEDNET – http://www.medicinenet.com/ticks/article.htm (last access: 17 June 2015). N: 1. parasitic blood-sucking arachnid animal, Old English ticia, from West Germanic tik-, of unknown origin, perhaps from PIE deigh- «insect.» French tique (mid-15c.), Italian zecca are Germanic loan-words. 2. Tick

GC: n S: USGS – http://www.usgs.gov/faq/categories/9755/3141 (last access: 4 August 2015); Scbasedlife – https://sciencebasedlife.wordpress.com/2011/06/01/tidal-waves-and-tsunamis-are-not-the-same-thing/ (last access: 4 August 2015). N: 1. tidal (adj): 1807, a hybrid formation from tide (n.) + Latin-derived suffix -al. wave (n): «moving billow of water,» 1520s, alteration (by influence of wave (v.)) of Middle English waw,

tiger mosquito or Aedes albopictus. Please see Stegomyia albopicta.

GC: n S: OMS – https://www.who.int/health-topics/tobacco#tab=tab_1 (last access: 24 April 2020); Cochrane – https://www.cochrane.org/CD011244/TOBACCO_can-use-standardised-packaging-tobacco-products-reduce-use-tobacco (last access: 24 April 2020). N: 1. 1580s, from Spanish tabaco, in part from an Arawakan language of the Caribbean (probably Taino), said to mean “a roll of tobacco leaves” (according to Las Casas, 1552) or

GC: n S: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23810019 (last access: 5 September 2014); GDT. N: From tolerable, early 15c., «bearable,» from Middle French tolerable (14c.) and directly from Latin tolerabilis «that may be endured, supportable, passable,» from tolerare «to tolerate». Meaning «moderate, middling, not bad» is recorded from 1540s. Related: Tolerably. S: OED –

GC: n S: GDT; NAVARRO p. 1011; http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/teaching-packets/neurobiology-drug-addiction/section-iii-action-heroin-morphine/6-definition-tolerance (last access: 5 September 2014). N: 1. tolerance (n.): early 15c., «endurance, fortitude» (in the face of pain, hardship, etc.), from Old French tolerance (14c.), from Latin tolerantia «a bearing, supporting, endurance,» from tolerans, present participle of tolerare «to bear, endure, tolerate»

GC: n S: EncBrit – https://www.britannica.com/science/tonsil (last access: 20 May 2018); WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/picture-of-the-tonsils (last access: 20 May 2018). N: 1. c. 1600, from Latin tonsillae, tosillae (plural) «tonsils,» diminutive of toles «goiter,» which is perhaps of Gaulish origin. Related: Tonsils. Latin: tonsilla palatina. A05.2.01.011: Terminologia Anatomica identifying number. 2.

GC: n S: AS – http://www.accessscience.com/content/tonsillitis/700400 (last access: 6 December 2014); MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001043.htm (last access: 10 December 2014). N: 1. 1801, from combination form of tonsil + -itis. Tonsil: c.1600, from Latin tonsillae, tosillae (plural) «tonsils,» diminutive of toles «goiter,» which is perhaps of Gaulish origin. -itis: noun suffix

GC: adj, n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361003/ (last access: 22 June 2024); EMA – https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/scientific-guideline/draft-guideline-quality-and-equivalence-topical-products_en.pdf (last access: 22 June 2024). N: 1. Adjective. 1580s, «of or pertaining to a place or a locality; geographically local;» see topic + –al (1). The specific medical sense «applied to a particular part of

GC: n S: http://www.redcross.org/mobile-apps/tornado-app/setup-alerts (last access: 3 July 2015); http://www.prep4agthreats.org/Natural-Disasters/tornadoes (last access: 3 July 2015) N: 1. 1550s, ternado, navigator’s word for violent windy thunderstorm in the tropical Atlantic, probably a mangled borrowing from Spanish tronada «thunderstorm,» from tronar «to thunder,» from Latin tonare «to thunder». Also in 17c. spelled

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539857/ (last access: 15 October 2022); NHS – http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sitesplus/documents/863/What%20is%20Torticollis.pdf (last access: 15 October 2022). N: 1. wryneck, 1811, Modern Latin, from Latin tortus «crooked, twisted,» from torquere «to twist» (from PIE root *terkw- «to twist») + collum «neck», from PIE root *kwel- (1) «revolve, move

GC: n S: http://www.omct.org/ (last access: 6 March 2013); http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/OHCHRHumanitarianFunds.aspx (last access: 2 September 2014). N: 1. torture (n.): early 15c., «contortion, twisting, distortion; a disorder characterized by contortion,» from Old French torture «infliction of great pain; great pain, agony» (12c.), and directly from Late Latin tortura «a twisting, writhing,»

See Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

GC: n S: NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2002734/ (last access: 2 September 2015); OUP – http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/1/1 (last access: 2 September 2015). N: 1. toxi-infection is formed within English, by compounding. From prefix «toxi-» (poison) and noun «infection» (late 14c., «infectious disease; contaminated condition;» from Old French infeccion «contamination, poisoning» (13c.) and directly

GC: n S: Medscape – https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/229698-overview (last access: 23 March 2018); WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/children/toxic-epidermal-necrolysis (last access: 23 March 2018). N: 1. – toxic (adj): 1660s, from French toxique and directly from Late Latin toxicus «poisoned,» from Latin toxicum «poison,» from Greek toxikon (pharmakon) «(poison) for use on arrows,» from toxikon,

See Plummer’s disease

GC: n S: PMC (last access: 2 May 2026); NCBI (last access: 2 May 2026). N: 1. – toxic (adj): 1660s, «of or pertaining to poisons, poisonous,» from French toxique and directly from Late Latin toxicus «poisoned,» from Latin toxicum «poison,» from Greek toxikon (pharmakon) «(poison) for use on arrows,» from toxikon, neuter of toxikos «pertaining to arrows or archery,» and

GC: n S: UOT (last access: 8 December 2025); NIH (last access: 8 December 2025). N: 1. First recorded in 1790–1800; < Ancient Greek toxico-, a combining form representing toxic in compound words+ -logy. «branch of medicine treating of poisons and their antidotes,» 1815, from French toxicologie (1812), from Latinized form of

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/ (last access: 3 March 2025); CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/toxoplasmosis/index.html (last access: 3 March 2025). N: 1. From toxoplasma, form of Greek of toxon + plasma + osis. 2. Infection by the protozoon Toxoplasma gondii, transmitted in oocysts in the feces of cats (the definitive host),

GC: n S: UF/IFAS – https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/IN1380 (last access: 12 August 2024); VDCI – https://www.vdci.net/blog/mosquito-of-the-month-toxorhynchites-rutilus-elephant-mosquito/ (last access: 12 August 2024). N: 1. Scientific name: Toxorhynchites rutilus. Popular name: elephant mosquito. Kingdom: Animalia. Eumetazoa: metazoans. Bilateria: bilaterally symmetrical animals. Protostomia: protostomes. Ecdysozoa. Arthropoda: arthropods. Hexapoda. Class: Insecta insects. Order: Diptera. Family: Culicidae.

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index2.html (last access: 19 November 2013); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5093790/ (last access: 29 November 2019). N: 1. Disease of the eyes, 1690s, from Modern Latin trachoma, from Greek trakhoma «roughness,» from trakhys «rough.» 2. Trachoma continues to be hyperendemic in many of the poorest and most

GC: n S: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-personnel-training.htm#didyouknowout (last access: 2 September 2014); http://persmin.gov.in/otraining/Index.aspx (last access: 2 September 2014). N: mid-15c., «protraction, delay,» verbal noun from train (v.). From 1540s as «discipline and instruction to develop powers or skills;» 1786 as «exercise to improve bodily vigor.» Training wheels as an attachment to a bicycle

GC: n S: BBC – https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-53154286 (last access: 16 August 2021); HBR – https://hbr.org/2020/03/creating-a-trans-inclusive-workplace (last access: 16 August 2021). N: 1. – trans (adj): The adjective “trans” is a shortening for the terms “transsexual” and “transgender”. . A term that describes a person whose gender identity is different from the

GC: n S: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/ribosomes-transcription-and-translation-14120660 (last access: 20 July 2016); https://www.genome.gov/27552603/transcription-and-translation/ (last access: 20 July 2016). N: 1. 1590s, from Middle French transcription, from Late Latin transcriptionem (nominative transcriptio), noun of action from past participle stem of transcribere. Biological sense is from 1961. Related: Transcriptional; transcriptionist. 2. The synthesis of RNA