GC: n S: https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jmm/46/11/medmicro-46-11-903.pdf?expires=1572611695&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=E20D2A44A0BC9E2339134BC704954560 (last access: 1 November 2019); https://answersingenesis.org/biology/microbiology/serratia-marcescens-the-miracle-bacillus/ (last access: 1 November 2019). N: 1. 1877, medical Latin, from Late Latin bacillus “wand,” literally “little staff,” diminutive of baculum “a stick, staff, walking stick,” from PIE *bak- “staff” (also source of Greek bakterion; see bacteria) + instrumentive suffix

GC: n S: MJD – https://bit.ly/2Rkjpzc (last access: 3 November 2016); AFIN p. 111. N: 1. – back (adj): “being behind, away from the front, in a backward direction,” Middle English, from back (n.) and back (adv.); often difficult to distinguish from these when the word is used in combinations.

GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493185/ (last access: 11 March 2020); WHO – https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/262295/PMC2427496.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (last access: 11 March 2020). N: 1. “virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it,” 1921, from French bactériophage (1917), from bacterio-, combining form of bacteria, + –phage. 2. Any of the viruses that infect bacterial cells;

GC: n S: NCBI – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965627/ (last access: 14 April 2024); Caister – https://www.caister.com/highveld/microbiology/what-is-a-bacterium.html (last access: 14 April 2024). N: 1. bacterium (n): c. 1848, singular of bacteria (q.v.); bacteria (n): “unicellular microorganisms which lack an organized nucleus,” and sometimes cause disease, 1847, plural of Modern Latin bacterium, from Greek

GC: n S: GOV.UK – https://www.gov.uk/your-rights-bailiffs (last access: 11 January 2025); LII – https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/bailiff (last access: 11 January 2025). N: 1. Middle English baillif, bailie, from Anglo-French baillif, from bail power, authority, office, from baillier to govern, administer, from Medieval Latin bajulare to care for, support, from Latin, to carry

GC: n S: MH – https://hrld.us/2DhF28e (last access: 1 November 2015); BM – https://bit.ly/2GUWSiQ (last access: 1 November 2015). N: 1. Slang term for “Cuban Rafters” or Cuban refugees utilizing a raft to reach the coasts of the United States to escape former Dictator Fidel Castro’s brother Raul Castro’s dictatorship.

GC: n S: PMC – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2826809/ (last access: 6 August 2019); NCB – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20182650/ (last access: 6 August 2019). N: 1. Band-Aid, trademark name (Johnson & Johnson) for a stick-on gauze pad or strip, by 1922. – band (n): “a flat strip,” also “something that binds,” Middle English bende, from

See banished person

GC: n S: Crimjotwell – https://bit.ly/2slEp9H (last access: 9 April 2017); JSTOR – https://bit.ly/2C8YzIO (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. – banished (adj): From past participle of verb banish: late 14c., banischen, “to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political or judicial

GC: n S: PennLaw – https://bit.ly/2Rm0qo0 (last access: 9 April 2017); EncBrit – https://global.britannica.com/topic/exile-law (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. “act of banishing; state of being banished,” c. 1500, from banish (late 14c., banischen, “to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political

GC: n S: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/108141.stm (last access: 26 April 2013); http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014). N: Ordinary farm produce, produced in large quantities, e.g. corn, rice or sugar. S: http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014) SYN: S: CR: hunger, poverty.

GC: n S: Sea&Job – https://www.seaandjob.com/ship-breaking-on-beaches/ (last access: 12 June 2024); Marinsight – https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/how-to-do-intentional-grounding-or-beaching-of-a-ship/ (last access: 12 June 2024). N: 1. – beaching (adj): From verb beach “to haul or run up on a beach,” 1814, from beach (n.). Related: Beached; beaching. – place (n): c. 1200, “space, dimensional extent,

GC: n S: Zonein – http://www.zonein.com.au/natural_disasters/beaufort_scale.html (last access: 4 July 2015); Rmets – http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/beaufort-scale (last access: 4 July 2015). N: 1. The Beaufort Scale was invented by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) in 1805 to help sailor describe the wind conditions at sea. It has since been adapted for use on

GC: n S: NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894439 (last access: 23 July 2015); http://www.hypnotherapykent.co.uk/fear-of-needles/ (last access: 23 July 2015); DORLAND. N: 1. Borrowed from French bélonophobie or bélonéphobie, from Greek belónē “needle” + French -o- + -phobie. First Known Use: circa 1909. 2. Belonephobia is an unreasonable and altered response due to

GC: adj S: MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medlineplus.html (last access: 11 November 2014); STUD – https://study.com/academy/answer/what-does-benign-mean.html (last access: 1 December 2018). N: 1. early 14c., from Old French benigne (12c., “kind, benign, merciful, gracious;” Modern French bénin, fem. bénigne), from Latin benignus “kindly, kindhearted, friendly, generous,” literally “well born,” from bene “well”

GC: n S: PubMed Health – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001379/ (last access: 29 November 2013); http://www.healthline.com/health/beriberi (last access: 2 June 2016). N: 1. Also beri-beri, paralytic disease prevalent in much of India, 1703, literally “great weakness,” intensifying reduplication of Sinhalese beri “weakness.” 2. beriberi, nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamin (vitamin

See povidone-iodine

GC: n S: NIH – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6920858/ (last access: 22 December 2024); NCBI – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3811521/ (last access: 22 December 2024). N: 1. In 1899, a bacterium was isolated by Henri Tissier from the feces of a breastfed infant. He introduced the name Bacillus bifidus (later reclassified as Bifidobacterium bifidum) after the

See Bifidobacterium bifidum

See muscle dysmorphia

GC: n S: OECD – https://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-finance-standards/official-development-assistance.htm (last access: 30 June 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/bilateral-aid (last access: 30 June 2024). N: – bilateral (adj): “having two sides,” 1775; see bi- “two” + lateral (adj.). Related: Bilaterally. – aid (n): early 15c., aide, “war-time tax,” also “help, support, assistance,” from Old French

GC: n S: RnCeus – http://www.rnceus.com/lf/lfbili.html (last access: 9 June 2016); NIH – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003479.htm (last access: 9 June 2016). N: 1. “reddish pigment found in bile,” 1871, from German bilirubin (1864), from bili- (see bile) + Latin ruber “red” (see red) + -ine . 2. A reddish-yellow, crystalline, water-insoluble pigment

GC: n S: Invvestop – https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/billofexchange.asp (last access: 1 December 2024); SDir – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/economics-econometrics-and-finance/bill-of-exchange (last access: 1 December 2024);  WC – https://www.workcapital.es/en/financial-news/What-is-the-bill-of-exchange-and-how-does-it-work%3F/ (last access: 1 December 2024). N: 1. – bill (n): [written statement] late 14c., “formal document; formal plea or charge (in a court of law); personal letter,” from

GC: n S: FDA – http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/UCM389370.pdf (last access: 17 November 2015); SADC – http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ABOUT_ICH/Organisation/SADC/Guideline_on_Bioavailability_and_Bioequivalance.pdf (last access: 17 November 2015); FNB – http://fnb.sagepub.com/content/24/3_suppl1/S20.full.pdf (last access: 19 November 2015). N: 1. Word composed by the word-forming element bio-, from Greek bios-, “life” and the word availability, from available, meaning “at one’s disposal,