GC: n S: CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/about/index.html (last access: 23 September 2024); Elsevier – https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-medicina-universitaria-304-articulo-chikungunya-virus-a-general-overview-S1665579615000587 (last access: 23 September 2024). N: 1. – chikungunya (n): Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease that causes fever and severe joint pain. The disease was first recognized in 1952 during an outbreak in southern Tanzania.

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON498 (last access: 22 September 2024); CDC – https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00511.asp (last access: 22 September 2024). N: 1. – dengue (n). 1828, from West Indian Spanish dengue, from an African source, perhaps Swahili dinga “seizure, cramp,” form influenced by Spanish dengue “prudery” (perhaps because sufferers walk stiffly

GC: n S: WOAH – https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.01.18_RABIES.pdf (last access: 15 September 2024); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8618/ (last access: 15 September 2024). N: 1. – rabies (n): “extremely fatal infectious disease of dogs, humans, and many other mammals,” 1590s, from Latin rabies “madness, rage, fury,” related to rabere “be mad, rave” (see rage

GC: n S: Lit_Review_CaseStudies.pdf”>http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2012/april/2_SAGE_WGVHE_SG1Lit_Review_CaseStudies.pdf (last access: 6 March 2013); http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/ (last access: 2 September 2014). N: 1. 1800, used by British physician Edward Jenner (1749-1823) for the technique he devised of preventing smallpox by injecting people with the cowpox virus (variolae vaccinae), from vaccine (adj.) “pertaining to cows, from cows”

GC: n S: CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/partners/campaigns/index.html (last access: 2 September 2014); HAAD – http://www.haad.ae/HAAD/tabid/1329/Default.aspx (last access: 2 September 2014). N: S: SYN: S: CR: herd immunity, immunity, vaccination, vaccination schedule, vaccine.

GC: n S: DTM p. 252 N: S: SYN: immunization schedule S: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/ (Last access: 26 February 2013) CR: vaccination, vaccination campaign, vaccine.

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1 (last access: 9 June 2024); NIH – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121664/ (last access: 9 June 2024). N: 1. vaccine (n.): “matter used in vaccination,” 1846, from French vaccin, noun use of adjective, from Latin vaccina, fem. of vaccinus “pertaining to a cow” (see vaccination). Related: Vaccinal; vaccinic.

GC: n S: MIT – https://web.mit.edu/course/2/2.95j/readings/introethics_pt1.html (last access: 14 January 2025); NIH – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18471654/ (last access: 14 January 2025). N: 1. – value (n): c. 1300, “price equal to the intrinsic worth of a thing;” from Old French value “worth, price, moral worth; standing, reputation” (13c.), noun use of fem.

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/varicella/en/ (last access: 27 December 2019); CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/VPD-VAC/varicella/default.htm (last access: 28 August 2014). N: 1. varicella (n): “chicken-pox,” medical Latin, 1764, irregular diminutive of variola (see variola). Related: Varicellous. . A member of the family Herpesviridae, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is named for the

GC: n S: CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/varicella.html (last access: 27 December 2019); WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/chickenpox-varicella-vaccine#1 (last access: 27 December 2019). N: 1. – varicella (n): “chicken-pox,” medical Latin, 1764, irregular diminutive of variola (see variola). Related: Varicellous. – vaccine (n): “matter used in vaccination,” 1846, from French vaccin, noun use of

GC: n S: HLN – https://goo.gl/3h3LUZ (last access: 21 November 2018); MD – https://goo.gl/rzSQ2M (last access: 22 November 2018). N: 1. Mid 18th century: from Latin varix, varic- ‘dilated vein’ + -cele. 2. Dilated veins occurring in the spermatic cord, producing swelling of the scrotum and sometimes associated with aching

GC: n S: HHP – https://bit.ly/3kANLYZ (last access: 27 October 2020); NCBI – https://bit.ly/35KQbOe (last access: 27 October 2020) N: 1. 1848, from “vegetarian” (1839, irregular formation from “vegetable” (n.) + -arian, as in “agrarian”) + “-ism” (word-forming element making nouns implying a practice, system, doctrine, etc., from French -isme or directly from Latin -isma, -ismus [source

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/ith/mode_of_travel/DVT/en/. (last access: 27 November 2014); PDF – http://www.pdf.org/es/pubs_scientists/all/25382935. (last access: 27 November 2014). N: 1. c.1300, from Old French veine (vein, artery, pulse), from Latin vena (a blood vessel), also (a water course, a vein of metal, a person’s natural ability or interest), of

GC: n S: Law.jrank –  https://law.jrank.org/pages/11079/Verdict.html  (last access: 13 January 2025); TofM – https://timesofmalta.com/article/Morsi-to-go-on-trial.493220 (last access: 13 January 2025). N: 1. 1530s, “a jury’s decision in a case,” an alteration of verdit (c. 1300), from Anglo-French verdit (Old French voirdit) “sworn testimony, affidavit; judgment, written record of a verdict,” literally “a true saying or report,” from ver, veir “true”

GC: n S: WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/brain/vertigo-symptoms-causes-treatment (last access: 17 April 2024); NHS – https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vertigo/ (last access: 14 April 2024). N: 1. Early 15c., from Latin vertigo “dizziness, sensation of whirling,” originally “a whirling or spinning movement,” from vertere “to turn” (from PIE root *wer- (2) “to turn, bend”). 2. There

GC: npl S: http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jpjd.htm (last access: 12 March 2013); http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/OHCHRHumanitarianFunds.aspx (last access: 4 September 2014); http://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/switzerland-steps-humanitarian-aid-victims-iraq (last access: 4 September 2014). N: 1. victim (n.): late 15c., “living creature killed and offered as a sacrifice to a deity or supernatural power,” from Latin victima “person or animal killed as a

GC: n S: UforHR – https://bit.ly/2SJJTaA (last access: 31 January 2019); NYTIMES – https://nyti.ms/2SkPUNi (last access: 31 January 2019). N: 1. – violation (n): c. 1400, from Old French violacion and directly from Latin violationem (nominative violatio) “an injury, irreverence, profanation,” from past participle stem of violare “to treat with

GC: n S: PT – https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-new-brain/201604/the-science-violence (last access: 29 November 2019); WHO – https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/definition/en/ (last access: 29 November 2019). N: 1. Late 13c., “physical force used to inflict injury or damage,” from Anglo-French and Old French violence (13c.), from Latin violentia “vehemence, impetuosity,” from violentus “vehement, forcible,” probably related to

GC: adj S: NIH – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/viralinfections.html (last access: 1 September 2015); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections (last access: 1 September 2015). N: 1. “of the nature of, or caused by, a virus,” 1944, see virus + -al (1). Sense of “become suddenly widely popular through Internet sharing” is attested by 1999, originally

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/20-november-2014-mali/en/ (last access: 4 November 2014); MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ebola.html (last access: 4 November 2014). N: 1. Late 14c., “venomous substance,” from Latin virus “poison, sap of plants, slimy liquid, a potent juice. Main modern meaning “agent that causes infectious disease” first recorded 1728. 2. Virus

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/9241546123/en/ (last access: 6. November 2016); ES – http://www.exploresupplements.com/vitamins-supplements/vitamin-list (last access: 4. November 2016). N: 1. The term vitamin was derived from “vitamine”, a compound word coined in 1912 by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk. 2. The discovery, denomination, synthesis and activity of vitamins are

GC: n S: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Vitiligo/vitiligo_ff.asp (last access: 22 March 2016); https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/color-problems/vitiligo (last access: 22 March 2016). N: 1. 1650s, from Latin vitiligo “a kind of cutaneous eruption, tetter” (Celsus), perhaps with an original sense of “blemish,” from PIE *wi-tu-, from root *wei- “vice, fault, guilt”. 2. Etymology: L, vitium, blemish. A

GC: n S: AZA – https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2332/viverridcaremanual2010ar.pdf (last access: 12 May 2025); WildWelfare – https://wildwelfare.org/first-viverrid-workshop-uk/ (last access: 12 May 2025). N: 1. The first known use of viverrid was in 1902. New Latin Viverridae, from Viverra, type genus, from Latin viverra ferret; akin to Old English ācweorna squirrel, Lithuanian voverė. 2.

GC: n S: http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/somalia/documents/press_corner/eu_somalia_brochure_en.pdf (last access: 6 March 2013); http://ec.europa.eu/education/policy/vocational-policy/index_en.htm (last access: 7 August 2015). N: Vocational education and training (VET). What is the Commission doing for vocational education and training? Based on the Copenhagen Process, the European Commission acts in partnership with national governments, employers’ and workers’ groups and