GC: n S: CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/about/index.html (last access: 23 September 2024); Elsevier – https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-medicina-universitaria-304-articulo-chikungunya-virus-a-general-overview-S1665579615000587 (last access: 23 September 2024). N: 1. – chikungunya (n): Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease that causes fever and severe joint pain. The disease was first recognized in 1952 during an outbreak in southern Tanzania.

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON498 (last access: 22 September 2024); CDC – https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00511.asp (last access: 22 September 2024). N: 1. – dengue (n). 1828, from West Indian Spanish dengue, from an African source, perhaps Swahili dinga “seizure, cramp,” form influenced by Spanish dengue “prudery” (perhaps because sufferers walk stiffly

GC: n S: WOAH – https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/3.01.18_RABIES.pdf (last access: 15 September 2024); NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8618/ (last access: 15 September 2024). N: 1. – rabies (n): “extremely fatal infectious disease of dogs, humans, and many other mammals,” 1590s, from Latin rabies “madness, rage, fury,” related to rabere “be mad, rave” (see rage

GC: n S: Lit_Review_CaseStudies.pdf”>http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2012/april/2_SAGE_WGVHE_SG1Lit_Review_CaseStudies.pdf (last access: 6 March 2013); http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/ (last access: 2 September 2014). N: 1. 1800, used by British physician Edward Jenner (1749-1823) for the technique he devised of preventing smallpox by injecting people with the cowpox virus (variolae vaccinae), from vaccine (adj.) “pertaining to cows, from cows”

GC: n S: CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/partners/campaigns/index.html (last access: 2 September 2014); HAAD – http://www.haad.ae/HAAD/tabid/1329/Default.aspx (last access: 2 September 2014). N: S: SYN: S: CR: herd immunity, immunity, vaccination, vaccination schedule, vaccine.

GC: n S: DTM p. 252 N: S: SYN: immunization schedule S: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/ (Last access: 26 February 2013) CR: vaccination, vaccination campaign, vaccine.

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1 (last access: 9 June 2024); NIH – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7121664/ (last access: 9 June 2024). N: 1. vaccine (n.): “matter used in vaccination,” 1846, from French vaccin, noun use of adjective, from Latin vaccina, fem. of vaccinus “pertaining to a cow” (see vaccination). Related: Vaccinal; vaccinic.

GC: n S: MIT – https://web.mit.edu/course/2/2.95j/readings/introethics_pt1.html (last access: 14 January 2025); NIH – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18471654/ (last access: 14 January 2025). N: 1. – value (n): c. 1300, “price equal to the intrinsic worth of a thing;” from Old French value “worth, price, moral worth; standing, reputation” (13c.), noun use of fem.

GC: n S: WHO – https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/varicella/en/ (last access: 27 December 2019); CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/VPD-VAC/varicella/default.htm (last access: 28 August 2014). N: 1. varicella (n): “chicken-pox,” medical Latin, 1764, irregular diminutive of variola (see variola). Related: Varicellous. . A member of the family Herpesviridae, varicella zoster virus (VZV) is named for the

GC: n S: CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/varicella.html (last access: 27 December 2019); WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/children/vaccines/chickenpox-varicella-vaccine#1 (last access: 27 December 2019). N: 1. – varicella (n): “chicken-pox,” medical Latin, 1764, irregular diminutive of variola (see variola). Related: Varicellous. – vaccine (n): “matter used in vaccination,” 1846, from French vaccin, noun use of

GC: n S: HLN – https://goo.gl/3h3LUZ (last access: 21 November 2018); MD – https://goo.gl/rzSQ2M (last access: 22 November 2018). N: 1. Mid 18th century: from Latin varix, varic- ‘dilated vein’ + -cele. 2. Dilated veins occurring in the spermatic cord, producing swelling of the scrotum and sometimes associated with aching

GC: n S:  NIH (last access: 18 December 2025); WHO (last access: 18 December 2025). N: 1. In mathematics, “quantity having magnitude and direction,” 1846; earlier in astronomy, “line joining a fixed point and a variable point” (1704); from Latin vector “one who carries or conveys, carrier” (also “one who

GC: n S: HHP – https://bit.ly/3kANLYZ (last access: 27 October 2020); NCBI – https://bit.ly/35KQbOe (last access: 27 October 2020) N: 1. 1848, from “vegetarian” (1839, irregular formation from “vegetable” (n.) + -arian, as in “agrarian”) + “-ism” (word-forming element making nouns implying a practice, system, doctrine, etc., from French -isme or directly from Latin -isma, -ismus [source

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/ith/mode_of_travel/DVT/en/. (last access: 27 November 2014); PDF – http://www.pdf.org/es/pubs_scientists/all/25382935. (last access: 27 November 2014). N: 1. c.1300, from Old French veine (vein, artery, pulse), from Latin vena (a blood vessel), also (a water course, a vein of metal, a person’s natural ability or interest), of

GC: n S: Law.jrank –  https://law.jrank.org/pages/11079/Verdict.html  (last access: 13 January 2025); TofM – https://timesofmalta.com/article/Morsi-to-go-on-trial.493220 (last access: 13 January 2025). N: 1. 1530s, “a jury’s decision in a case,” an alteration of verdit (c. 1300), from Anglo-French verdit (Old French voirdit) “sworn testimony, affidavit; judgment, written record of a verdict,” literally “a true saying or report,” from ver, veir “true”

GC: n S: WebMD – https://www.webmd.com/brain/vertigo-symptoms-causes-treatment (last access: 17 April 2024); NHS – https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vertigo/ (last access: 14 April 2024). N: 1. Early 15c., from Latin vertigo “dizziness, sensation of whirling,” originally “a whirling or spinning movement,” from vertere “to turn” (from PIE root *wer- (2) “to turn, bend”). 2. There

GC: npl S: http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jpjd.htm (last access: 12 March 2013); http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/OHCHRHumanitarianFunds.aspx (last access: 4 September 2014); http://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/switzerland-steps-humanitarian-aid-victims-iraq (last access: 4 September 2014). N: 1. victim (n.): late 15c., “living creature killed and offered as a sacrifice to a deity or supernatural power,” from Latin victima “person or animal killed as a

GC: n S: UforHR – https://bit.ly/2SJJTaA (last access: 31 January 2019); NYTIMES – https://nyti.ms/2SkPUNi (last access: 31 January 2019). N: 1. – violation (n): c. 1400, from Old French violacion and directly from Latin violationem (nominative violatio) “an injury, irreverence, profanation,” from past participle stem of violare “to treat with

GC: n S: PT – https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-new-brain/201604/the-science-violence (last access: 29 November 2019); WHO – https://www.who.int/violenceprevention/approach/definition/en/ (last access: 29 November 2019). N: 1. Late 13c., “physical force used to inflict injury or damage,” from Anglo-French and Old French violence (13c.), from Latin violentia “vehemence, impetuosity,” from violentus “vehement, forcible,” probably related to

GC: adj S: NIH – https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/viralinfections.html (last access: 1 September 2015); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/bacterial-and-viral-infections (last access: 1 September 2015). N: 1. “of the nature of, or caused by, a virus,” 1944, see virus + -al (1). Sense of “become suddenly widely popular through Internet sharing” is attested by 1999, originally

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/20-november-2014-mali/en/ (last access: 4 November 2014); MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ebola.html (last access: 4 November 2014). N: 1. Late 14c., “venomous substance,” from Latin virus “poison, sap of plants, slimy liquid, a potent juice. Main modern meaning “agent that causes infectious disease” first recorded 1728. 2. Virus

GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/micronutrients/9241546123/en/ (last access: 6. November 2016); ES – http://www.exploresupplements.com/vitamins-supplements/vitamin-list (last access: 4. November 2016). N: 1. The term vitamin was derived from “vitamine”, a compound word coined in 1912 by the Polish biochemist Kazimierz Funk. 2. The discovery, denomination, synthesis and activity of vitamins are

GC: n S: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Vitiligo/vitiligo_ff.asp (last access: 22 March 2016); https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/color-problems/vitiligo (last access: 22 March 2016). N: 1. 1650s, from Latin vitiligo “a kind of cutaneous eruption, tetter” (Celsus), perhaps with an original sense of “blemish,” from PIE *wi-tu-, from root *wei- “vice, fault, guilt”. 2. Etymology: L, vitium, blemish. A

GC: n S: AZA – https://assets.speakcdn.com/assets/2332/viverridcaremanual2010ar.pdf (last access: 12 May 2025); WildWelfare – https://wildwelfare.org/first-viverrid-workshop-uk/ (last access: 12 May 2025). N: 1. The first known use of viverrid was in 1902. New Latin Viverridae, from Viverra, type genus, from Latin viverra ferret; akin to Old English ācweorna squirrel, Lithuanian voverė. 2.