GC: n S: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17909521 (last access: 12 October 2016); http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v9/n10/full/ncb1007-1102.html (last access: 12 October 2016). N: 1. 1960s ; earliest use found in Journal of Cell Biology. From auto- + phagosome, after autophagic, autophagy. 2. A double membrane-bound vesicle that encloses cellular constituents and fuses with lysosomes which digest these
GC: n S: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990190/ (last access: 12 october 2016); http://www.nature.com/emm/journal/v44/n2/full/emm201210a.html (last access: 12 october 2016). N: 1. The word autophagy is derived from Greek words “auto” meaning self and “phagy” meaning eating. Autophagy is a normal physiological process in the body that deals with destruction of cells in the body.
GC: n S: NU – http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~ns3s-mrym/autopo.htm (last access: 25 October 2016); http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/23/2-3/116.extract (last access: 30 October 2016). N:1. Autopoiesis is a compound word: auto meaning oneself and by itself, and poiesis meaning production, creation, and formation. Hence, the word autopoiesis literally is “self-production, and self-creation”. Coined by two Chilean biologist,
GC: n S: MN – http://www.medicinenet.com/autopsy/page5.htm (last access: 11 November 2016); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/autopsy-16080#1 (last access: 11 November 2016). N: 1. 1650s, “an eye-witnessing,” from Modern Latin autopsia, from Greek autopsia “a seeing with one’s own eyes,” from autos- “self” + opsis “a sight”. Sense of “dissection of a body
GC: n S: Humresp – https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/system/files/documents/files/MHB_Feb15_final.pdf (last access: 5 August 2015); NSDIC – https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/science/avalanches.html (last access: 5 August 2015). N: 1. 1763, from French avalanche (17c.), from Romansch (Swiss) avalantze “descent,” altered (by metathesis of -l- and -v-, probably influenced by Old French avaler “to descend, go down”) from Savoy
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/cancer/events/breast_cancer_month/en/ (last access: 12 March 2013); http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/article/ebola-create-awareness-among-population-you-must-listen (last access: 27 September 2015). N: 1. 1828, from aware (ate Old English gewær, from Proto-Germanic *ga-waraz (cognates: Old Saxon giwar, Middle Dutch gheware, Old High German giwar, German gewahr), from *ga-, intensive prefix, + waraz “wary, cautious”,
GC: n S: https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/jmm/46/11/medmicro-46-11-903.pdf?expires=1572611695&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=E20D2A44A0BC9E2339134BC704954560 (last access: 1 November 2019); https://answersingenesis.org/biology/microbiology/serratia-marcescens-the-miracle-bacillus/ (last access: 1 November 2019). N: 1. 1877, medical Latin, from Late Latin bacillus “wand,” literally “little staff,” diminutive of baculum “a stick, staff, walking stick,” from PIE *bak- “staff” (also source of Greek bakterion; see bacteria) + instrumentive suffix
GC: n S: MJD – https://bit.ly/2Rkjpzc (last access: 3 November 2016); AFIN p. 111. N: 1. – back (adj): “being behind, away from the front, in a backward direction,” Middle English, from back (n.) and back (adv.); often difficult to distinguish from these when the word is used in combinations.
GC: n S: NCBI – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493185/ (last access: 11 March 2020); WHO – https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/262295/PMC2427496.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (last access: 11 March 2020). N: 1. “virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting it and reproducing inside it,” 1921, from French bactériophage (1917), from bacterio-, combining form of bacteria, + –phage. 2. Any of the viruses that infect bacterial cells;
GC: n S: NCBI – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26965627/ (last access: 14 April 2024); Caister – https://www.caister.com/highveld/microbiology/what-is-a-bacterium.html (last access: 14 April 2024). N: 1. bacterium (n): c. 1848, singular of bacteria (q.v.); bacteria (n): “unicellular microorganisms which lack an organized nucleus,” and sometimes cause disease, 1847, plural of Modern Latin bacterium, from Greek
GC: n S: file:///C:/Users/3004/Downloads/SN04103%20(3).pdf (last access: 24 October 2017); https://www.criminaljusticedegreeschools.com/criminal-justice-careers/bailiff/ (last access: 24 October 2017). N: 1. Middle English baillif, bailie, from Anglo-French baillif, from bail power, authority, office, from baillier to govern, administer, from Medieval Latin bajulare to care for, support, from Latin, to carry a burden. First Known
GC: n S: MH – https://hrld.us/2DhF28e (last access: 1 November 2015); BM – https://bit.ly/2GUWSiQ (last access: 1 November 2015). N: 1. Slang term for “Cuban Rafters” or Cuban refugees utilizing a raft to reach the coasts of the United States to escape former Dictator Fidel Castro’s brother Raul Castro’s dictatorship.
GC: n S: PMC – https://bit.ly/2TbHoOO (last access: 6 August 2019); NCBI – https://bit.ly/2ZEusn8 (last access: 6 August 2019). N: 1. Band-Aid, trademark name (Johnson & Johnson) for a stick-on gauze pad or strip, by 1922. – band (n): “a flat strip,” also “something that binds,” Middle English bende, from
GC: n S: Crimjotwell – https://bit.ly/2slEp9H (last access: 9 April 2017); JSTOR – https://bit.ly/2C8YzIO (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. – banished (adj): From past participle of verb banish: late 14c., banischen, “to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political or judicial
GC: n S: PennLaw – https://bit.ly/2Rm0qo0 (last access: 9 April 2017); EncBrit – https://global.britannica.com/topic/exile-law (last access: 9 April 2017). N: 1. “act of banishing; state of being banished,” c. 1500, from banish (late 14c., banischen, “to condemn (someone) by proclamation or edict to leave the country, to outlaw by political
GC: n S: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/108141.stm (last access: 26 April 2013); http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014). N: Ordinary farm produce, produced in large quantities, e.g. corn, rice or sugar. S: http://www.investorwords.com/8975/basic_commodities.html (last access: 1 September 2014) SYN: S: CR: hunger, poverty.
GC: n S: http://www.zonein.com.au/natural_disasters/beaufort_scale.html (last access: 4 July 2015); http://www.rmets.org/weather-and-climate/observing/beaufort-scale (last access: 4 July 2015). N: 1. The Beaufort Scale was invented by Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort (1774-1857) in 1805 to help sailor describe the wind conditions at sea. It has since been adapted for use on land. By using
GC: n S: NCBI – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894439 (last access: 23 July 2015); http://www.hypnotherapykent.co.uk/fear-of-needles/ (last access: 23 July 2015); DORLAND. N: 1. Borrowed from French bélonophobie or bélonéphobie, from Greek belónē “needle” + French -o- + -phobie. First Known Use: circa 1909. 2. Belonephobia is an unreasonable and altered response due to
GC: adj S: MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/medlineplus.html (last access: 11 November 2014); STUD – https://study.com/academy/answer/what-does-benign-mean.html (last access: 1 December 2018). N: 1. early 14c., from Old French benigne (12c., “kind, benign, merciful, gracious;” Modern French bénin, fem. bénigne), from Latin benignus “kindly, kindhearted, friendly, generous,” literally “well born,” from bene “well”
GC: n S: PubMed Health – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001379/ (last access: 29 November 2013); http://www.healthline.com/health/beriberi (last access: 2 June 2016). N: 1. Also beri-beri, paralytic disease prevalent in much of India, 1703, literally “great weakness,” intensifying reduplication of Sinhalese beri “weakness.” 2. beriberi, nutritional disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamin (vitamin
GC: n S: http://www.medicinenet.com/bifidobacterium_bifidum-oral/article.htm (last access: 23 May 2015); http://www.probiotic.org/bifidobacterium-bifidum.htm (last access: 23 May 2015). N: Bifidobacterium Bifidum. While bacteria can cause serious infections, the vast majority of them are not only helpful, but necessary for good health. As long as the good bacteria in our bodies win the war