GC: n S: NOS – https://www.nos.org.uk (last access: 18 December 2014); Patient.co.uk – http://www.patient.co.uk/health/osteoporosis-leaflet (last access: 18 December 2014). N: 1. 1846, from osteo– + stem of Greek poros “passage, pore, voyage” (pore (n.)) + –osis. 2. Osteoporosis is a condition that affects bone strength (the word osteoporosis literally means
GC: n S: EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/topic/ostracism (last access: 31 July 2015); http://history.howstuffworks.com/ancient-greece/ostracism.htm (last access: 12 November 2013). N: 1. Ostracism, according to tradition, was introduced by Cleisthenes about 506 B.C., but the first known banishment was about 487 B.C. The practice was dropped after 417 B.C. because it had become
GC: n S: AAFP- https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/1001/p435.html (last access: 11 November 2020); MEDLP-https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001336.htm (last access: 13 November 2020 ). N: 1. Late 18th century: modern Latin, from Greek ous, ōt- ‘ear’ + -itis ‘forming names of inflammatory diseases’. From Greek feminine form of adjectives ending in -itēs (combined with nosos ‘disease’ implied). 2. Inflammation of the ear, which may
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ (last access: 20 April 2016); http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28755033 (ast access: 20 April 2016); http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/ (last access: 20 April 2016). N: 1. “eruption” (of disease, hostilities, etc.), c. 1600, from out + break (v.). Outbreak was a verb in Middle English (c. 1300). 2. The occurrence of
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/topics/obesity/en/ (last access: 23 October 2014); EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1522401/overweight (last access: 23 October 2014); DORLAND. N: 1. overweight (adj.): “in excess of proper or ordinary weight,” 1630s, from over- + weight (n.). Of persons, as a noun, “obesity” from 1917. 2. An excess of body
GC: n S: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/275795.php (last access: 31 July 2015); https://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/oxytocin (last access: 31 July 2015). N: 1. oxytocin, hormone used clinically to stimulate contractions of the uterus during labour, to control bleeding following delivery, and to stimulate the secretion of breast milk. Oxytocin was first synthesized (along with the related
GC: n S: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390128/ (last access: 6 January 2016); https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001627.htm (last access: 6 January 2016); DORLAND (last access: 6 January 2016). N: 1. From Greek, ozein, to have an odor. 2. A chronic disease of the nose accompanied by a fetid discharge and marked by atrophic changes in the nasal
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/guide_on_pain/en/ (last access: 20 September 2015); WebMD – http://www.webmd.com/drugs/condition-3079-Pain.aspx (last access: 20 September 2015). N: 1. late 13c., “punishment,” especially for a crime; also “condition one feels when hurt, opposite of pleasure,” from Old French peine “difficulty, woe, suffering, punishment, Hell’s torments” (11c.), from Latin
GC: n S: PMC – http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ (last access: 5 December 2014); DORLAND p. 679. N: 1. From Greek, pan + kytos, cell, penia, poverty. 2. Pancytopenia is a relatively common hematological entity. It is a striking feature of many serious and life-threatening illnesses, ranging from simple drug-induced bone marrow hypoplasia,
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/en/ (last access: 25 April 2013); Medicinenet – http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4751 (last access: 9 September 2015). N: 1. 1660s, from Late Latin pandemus, from Greek pandemos “pertaining to all people; public, common,” from pan- “all” (see pan-) + demos “people” (see demotic). Modeled on epidemic. The noun is
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/csr/don/2006_02_28a/en/ (last access: 2 June 2016); http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22857789 (last access: 2 June 2016). N: 1. From Greek παν pan all + ζόιον zoion animal. 2. A disease affecting animals of many species especially over a wide area. 3. As adjectives the difference between panzootic and pandemic
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/tools/BCG_Vaccine_rates_information_sheet.pdf (last access: 13 November 2014); DORLAND. N:1. From Latin papula “pustule, pimple, swelling”, related: papular. 2. Area of abnormal skin tissue that is less than 1 centimeter around. A papule has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety of shapes. Papules are
GC: n CT: Paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first or most prominent manifestation of a cancer. When a patient without a known cancer presents with one of the “typical” paraneoplastic syndromes, a diagnosis of cancer should be considered and investigated. Because of their protean manifestations, paraneoplastic syndromes should be managed
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/trypanosomiasis_african/parasite/en/ (last access: 10 May 2016); CDC – http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/ (last access: 10 May 2016). N: 1. parasite (n): 1530s, “a hanger-on, a toady, person who lives on others,” from Middle French parasite (16c.) or directly from Latin parasitus “toady, sponger,” and directly from Greek parasitos
GC: n S: http://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/modules/Degree/Intestinal%20Parasitosis%20final.pdf (last access: 28 August 2014); http://www.google.co.ug/patents/CA2374126C?cl=en (last access: 11 May 2016). N: 1. From “parasite” + “-osis” (Latin from Greek -ōsis from -ō-, -o-, ending of preceding verbal or substantive stem + -sis). 2. Infestation with or disease caused by parasites. First Known Use: circa 1899.
GC: n S: PDF – http://www.pdf.org/en/index (last access: 28 November 2013); NIH – http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/parkinsons_disease/parkinsons_disease.htm (last access:12 December 2013); MEDLP – http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/parkinsonsdisease.html (last access: 12.12.2013). N: 1. By definition, Parkinson’s is a progressive disease. Although some people with Parkinson’s only have symptoms on one side of the body for many years,
GC: n S: Med – http://medicine.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/parotitis (last access: 1 September 2014); Medscape – http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/882461-clinical (last access: 10 October 2015). N: 1. Parotitis causes swelling in one or both of the parotid glands. These are two large salivary glands that are inside each cheek over the jaw in front of each
GC: n S: UNESCO – http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001585/158555e.pdf (last access: 30 October 2012); FAO – http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad424e/ad424e03.htm (last access: 12 October 2015). N: When talking about participatory approaches and methods today, we are not talking about a fashion or a vogue. We are discussing field-tested approaches developed on the basis of scientific evidence
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/influenza/influenza_pathogens_disease/en/ (last access: 30 May 2016); BBC – http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/defendingagainstinfectionrev1.shtml (last access: 30 May 2016). N: 1. 1880, a back-formation from pathogenic. 2. A specific causative agent (as a bacterium or virus) of disease. 3. An agent (virus, micro-organism or other substance) capable of producing disease
GC: n S: CDC – http://www.flu.gov/about_the_flu/h5n1/ (last access: 30 May 2016); Patinf – http://patient.info/doctor/pathogenic-free-living-amoeba (last access: 30 May 2016). N: 1. “producing disease,” 1836, from French pathogénique, from Greek pathos “disease” + French -génique “producing”. Related: Pathogenetic (1838); pathogenicity. 2. Causing or capable of causing disease. 3. Some bacteria are
GC: n S: WHO – http://www.who.int/patientsafety/en/ (last access: 22 September 2016); https://www.patientopinion.org.uk/ (last access: 25 April 2013); NAVARRO p. 740. N: 1. “suffering or sick person under medical treatment,” late 14c., from Old French pacient (n.), from the adjective patient, from Latin patientem. 2. A person who receives medical care